Chasing The Hottest It Effects Of Information Technology...

A Critical Review of â€Å"Chasing the hottest IT: Effects of Information Technology Fashion on Organizations† Introduction In his article â€Å"Chasing the hottest IT: Effects of Information Technology Fashion on Organizations†, Paul Wang seeks to examine the effects that IT fashion has on organizations. He collected data from 109 Fortune 500 companies, and this helped him to establish that the firms that were reputable for implementation of IT fashions in the media did not particularly experience higher performance, especially in the short term. Paul Wang’s article used easily comprehensible language and presented the results in an impressive manner. However, the methodology used in obtaining the data and subsequently the results was heavily dependent on independent commercial firm and this thus raises credibility questions. Summary There has been consistent evolution of new technologies and managers are faced with the tough choice of deciding whether new techn ologies are merely passing fads or important â€Å"next big things†. There is a big difference between these two types of technologies. A passing fad will often attract high amounts of interest and attention and trigger embellished expectations concerning its benefits during its short lived stint. However, the next big things in IT, are usually important innovations that potentially transform organizational practices and performances hence are widely adopted and institutionalized. Nevertheless, both types of technologies have toShow MoreRelatedCase Study-James Hardie2116 Words   |  9 Pagesincreasingly a thing of past. Pursued profit leads to unethical management, propagate false or misleading information, bad corporation reputation, unstable employment, reducing long run profit etc. More and more concern is displayed with managerial ethics and social responsibility. Some may regard them as cost which will eliminate their competitive power, however, in my opinion; organization could not survive without them in long run. As a developing country, corporation social responsibility inRead MoreCase Study-James Hardie2105 Words   |  9 Pagesincreasingly a thing of past. Pursued profit leads to unethical management, propagate false or misleading information, bad corporation reputation, unstable employment, reducing long run profit etc. More and more concern is displayed with managerial ethics and social responsibility. Some may regard them as cost which will eliminate their competitive power, however, in my opinion; organization could not survive without them in long run. As a developing country, corporation social responsibility inRead MoreKfc Marketing Strategies20155 Words   |  81 Pagesamounts do not include the initial investment required to construct the restaurant building, training expenses, grand opening expenses or opening inventory. Please refer to the KFC Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD), Item 7, for more in-depth information on the total investment. How long will it take to get approved as a franchisee? Initial qualification involves a series of background checks and interviews and generally takes 10-12 weeks. After that, site registration and approval can takeRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesCONTENTS: CASE STUDIES CASE STUDY 1 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems CASE STUDY I-1 IMT Custom Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 Read MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesTottenham Court Road, London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: ( 44) 1865 843830, fax: ( 44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@elsevier.co.uk. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (www.elsevier.com), by selecting ‘Customer Support’ and thenRead MoreLanguage of Advertising20371 Words   |  82 Pagesis considered features of the using linguistic devices in advertising texts with functional expressive features, stylistic devices, syntactic and stylistic features. The eighth chapter introduces the role of parentheses insertion as additional information. Very important advertising text in sociolinguistic coverage and phonetic expr essive means and stylistic devices in the ninth chapter (Galperin`s stylistic devices, the definitions of stylistic devices with examples). In the chapter of tenth weRead MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 PagesStrategy at the Marriott School, Brigham Young University. He is widely published in strategy and business journals and was the fourth most cited management scholar from 1996–2006. is a professor of leadership at INSEAD. He consults to organizations around the world on innovation, globalization, and transformation and has published extensively in leading academic and business journals. is the Robert and Jane Cizik Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School andRead MoreCrossing the Chasm76808 Words   |  308 Pageshave been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of PerfectBoundâ„ ¢. PerfectBound â„ ¢ and the PerfectBoundâ„ ¢ logo are trademarksRead MoreBusiness Journalism in India26104 Words   |  105 Pagesemergency boom Success of ‘India Today’. How can magazines (5) compete with the challenge posed by TV which now covers sports, celebrities, life style, news and business. How to find out if there is a niche for new magazines. Comment on Travel, Health, Technology and career-guidance magazines 9 Western craze among glossy women’s magazines, Better fare offered by regional (5) women’s magazines 10 Writing and editing for magazines, special skills needed. Importance of the rewrite desk (4) 11 RoleRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesAdventures up to the front of the book. We have continued Marketing Wars, which many of you recommended, and reinstated Comebacks of firms iii iv †¢ Preface rising from adversity. I have also brought back Ethical Mistakes, because I believe that organizations more than ever need to be responsive to society’s best interests. Altogether, this 11th edition brings seven new cases to replace seven that were deleted from the previous edition. Some of the cases are so current we continued updating until

The Theory Of Nature Vs. Nurture - 1680 Words

The theory of nature vs. nurture, or inherited vs. acquired, is a complex psychological theory that questions how people develop, as a person, in life and how they act. Their impact determines your personality traits, values, morals, and behavior in life. The idea of nature is the belief that people develop into who they are based on genetic traits given to them at birth. For example, some children inherit a musical talent from their parents along with eye color, hair color, and race. These traits can affect the decisions that a person may make in life to suit their skills and ability. Another popular opinion is the theory that nurture, the experiences and people that one encounters in life, has a heavier influence on the development and growth of people. According to the article, the theory of nature claims that, â€Å"Characteristics and differences that are not observable at birth, but which emerge later in life, are regarded as the product of maturation† and nurture views these as a product of learning (McLeod). For an example of nurture, a person born into a family that loves sports may grow up valuing athleticism and fitness, while engaging in sports as they grow. A life-changing event or external influence could have greatly impacted a person’s perspective and approach in life, ultimately changing that person as a whole. All decisions will influence one’s life in some way, whether it is miniscule or monumental. Each view of nature and nurture have valid arguments and manyShow MoreRelatedThe Theories Of Nature Vs Nurture1752 Words   |  8 Pages Through history, the idea of nature vs nurture has been a hotly debated issue. Nature, or genetics is often believed to be the most important aspect of a persons’ upbringing, as nature is something very intrinsic to any one person. However, many debate that nurture, or the care and encouragement of any human life, trumps nature. The earliest (proofs?) and rebuttals of these theories have been honed and developed over time by specific psychologists and educational theorists – all who hoped to proveRead MoreThe Theories Of Nature Vs. Nurture2037 Words   |  9 Pages Through history, the idea of nature vs. nurture has been a hotly debated issue. Nature, or genetics is often believed to be the most important aspect of a persons’ upbringing, as nature is something intrinsic to any one person. However, many debate that nurture, or the care and encouragement of any human life, trumps nature. The earliest evidence and rebuttals of these theories have been honed and developed over time by specific psychologists and educational theorists – all who hoped to prove theirRead MoreThe Theory Of Nature Vs. Nurture1523 Words   |  7 Pagesstated, the â€Å"nature versus nurture† concept is very prevalent within developmental theory. Many theorists have strong opinions on the subject and how it relates to biological development, behavioral development and learning. The nature concept refers to development being driven by heredity, maturation, genes, and inborn intrinsic actions (Lerner, 2002). A theorist who had a strong view that nature was the driving force behind development was Jean-Jacques Rousseau. In contrast, the nurture concept refersRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Personality Theories1855 Words   |  8 PagesPersonality theories include a wide range of thoughts and it is hard to narrow them down to a choice of how and why individuals are their identity. These complex thoughts must be examined and gone over certainly before one can decide whether an individual meets the characterized significance of the hypothesis. An example would need to be set up with the person before they could be said to have a specific identity quality. To what extent should an individual take after an example of conduct beforeRead More Nature vs. Nurture: Leaning Towards the Nurture Theory Essay2121 Words   |  9 PagesIs nature responsible for the way children think and behave, or is it due to the way a child is nurtured? Scientists and psychologists have been debating the subject of nature versus nurture for decades. The term â€Å"nature† refers to heredity, or the genetic traits passed down from parent to child (Powell, 2010). Researchers all over the world attempt to prove that genetics is the sole explanation of a child’s intelligence and personality. Human DNA determines traits such as eye color, nose shapeRead MoreNature Vs Nurture Theory Essay828 Words   |  4 PagesQ) What was the basis of doctors reasoning to raise David (named Bruce at birth) as a girl? Explain the doctors reasoning in relation to nature versus nurture theories. The phycologist recommended to David’s parents that they can raise David as a girl just by developing his identity as a feminine. The physiologist also recommended that the surgical process of constructing penis would be more difficult and risky for David than the surgical construction of a vagina. The psychologist explained to David’sRead MoreMy Personal Developmental Theory, Nature Vs. Nurture812 Words   |  4 Pagesshape and influence development. My personal developmental theory consists of several tenets from theories such as, nature vs. nurture, systems and cognitive developmental theory. While there are many theories in lifespan development, and they are all relevant in the development of an individual I found these particular theories the most influential in my development. Nature vs. Nurture From a biological perspective, nature vs. nurture plays a critical role in the development of an individual. MeaneyRead MoreThe Theories Of Schizophreni Dopamine, Glutamate, Brain Abnormalities, And Nature Vs. Nurture813 Words   |  4 PagesThe four theories that are behind the cause of schizophrenia as referenced in the PowerPoint are Dopamine, Glutamate, Brain Abnormalities, and Nature vs. Nurture / More than one cause. 1. Dopamine Definition Dopamine is a neurotransmitter. It is one of the chemicals that is responsible for transmitting signals between the neurons of the brain. However, very few of those neurons actually produce dopamine. (psychologytoday.com) Theory The main theory concerning dopamine is that too much it canRead More Nature vs Nurture: Genes vs Environment Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction A debate between psychologist, scientists and philosopher thinkers on the spectrum of ‘nature vs. nurture’ arose concerning human development. In the nature versus nurture debate, the term nature refers to the genes we inherit while the term nurture refers to our outside environment (Nature vs. Nurture: Twin and Adoption Studies). This debate of ‘nature vs. nurture’ has existed for centuries and up to now it is still a topic of major discussion although at present time. Human developmentRead MoreSerial Killers1314 Words   |  6 Pagestoday is the debate over nature versus nurture. With that debate going on there are many topics that are being researched under it, like serial killers, and what drives them to do what they do. Many scientists are still researching whether or not if serial killers are driven by the way they were raised or if it is a part of their genes. This literature review will analyze what people think about the nature versus nurture debate. It will talk about the nature side and the nurture side of the debate.

Ethical Principles/Theories Free Essays

ETHICAL PRINCIPLES/THEORIES ?Situation Ethics oSituation ethics views Pornography as moral if and only if it is used in moderation and with the right mind set of the individual to use it to benefit oneself or others in a good way. ?A married couple who are unable to show their love to each other can use a type of pornography called â€Å"cybersex† to help them cope up with the loneliness of being away from their loved one. oBut if an individual indulges his/herself into pornography to harm the people around him/her, and lets pornography destroy ones morality, Situation ethics views it as something immoral. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Principles/Theories or any similar topic only for you Order Now A couple decided to film their sexual intercourse but they promised to keep it private. Suddenly the woman found out that his partner has uploaded their video on the web. ?Pragmatic Moral Principle oIn Pragmatic Moral Principle, the bottom line is the most realistic, beneficial, and useful. If we apply it in Pornography, we can indeed agree that looking at pornography as a form of education for adults can save more time and money, rather than going to a sexologist and other doctors of the same field. A married couple who are both inexperienced in sexual intercourse can be helped by pornography to educate them on how to deal with this field they are unaware of. ?Divine Command Theory/The Will of God oâ€Å"An act is good because God willed it to be so and bad because God forbids it. † -Samuel Von Pufendorf oThe will of God is the basis of what is moral and immoral. ?A 14 y/o boy is curious what pornography is like, and then decided to look it up on the internet. He reached a pornography site but the site requires the one should be at least 18+ y/o to enter the site. The boy then lied about his age and entered the site. ?Utilitarianism oIt may be justified if the act benefits or brings happiness to an individual and overweighs the negative effect. ?A married couple who were first unfamiliar with coitus later tried reading porn magazines to help improve their sex life and to help prolong their relationship. How to cite Ethical Principles/Theories, Essay examples

Stakeholder Management in Infrastructure †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Stakeholder Management in Infrastructure. Answer: Introduction Hikma Pharmaceuticals is the multinational company from London that manufactures the non branded as well as branded in-licensed and generic pharmaceuticals products. The company was established in Amman, Jordan during 1978 bt Mr. Smith Darwazah. The company is listed under the London Stock Exchange and the constituent of FTSE 250 Index. Building the ethical heritage for the last 30 years, their values are mainly based upon the way they conduct their business. The company is committed towards improving the life of the people through the existing products and differentiated as well as extensive pipeline. Their main objective is to deliver their patients with affordable, better quality medicines in the major therapeutic segments. Their vision is to construct Hikma into the leading companies for speciality pharmaceuticals with the global presence. Through the strategic acquisitions and organic growth they expected to continue for developing and maintaining the high level of responsibilit y and ethics that are the main factors of their operation (Hikma.com 2017). The company acts with honour and honesty without compromising with the truth and hold the people accountable for maintaining highest performance standards. Showing the consideration for each other, recognizing each others expectation, needs and difference among themselves are the main motto of the company. Further, they maintain accountability, openness and transparent communication at the operation level, which in turn, allow them to carry on their operation openly and clearly that makes it easier for others to observe the performance of the company. Balance scorecard of Hikma Pharmaceuticals The balance scorecard is the performance metric that is used under the strategic management for improving and identifying different internal factors of the business and the resulting outcomes from the external sources. It is utilized for measuring and providing feedback to the organizations (Frst et al. 2014). The collection of data is important for providing the quantitative results as information collected are analysed and interpreted by the executives and managers and are used to make organizational decisions. The balanced score card is prepared for reinforcing the good behaviours in the organization through isolating 4 different segments that are to be evaluated. Four segments are also called as the legs and include business processes, finance, customers and learning and growth. Further, it is prepared to achieve the goals, initiatives, measurements and objectives that are the outcomes from these four major activities of the business (Boscia and McAfee 2014). The organizations easily can recognize the factors with regard to the performance of the company, and the strategic changes that are identified by the future scorecards. With the help of the balanced scorecard, the company as a whole is analysed while looking at the objectives of the company. The organization can use balanced scorecard for implementing the strategy mapping for identifying the areas where value is added in the organization. The organization may also utilize the balanced scorecard for developing the strategic initiativ es and the strategic objectives (Sainaghi, Phillips and Corti 2013). Data is gathered and broke down from four parts of a business. To begin with, learning and growth are dissected through the examination of preparing and information assets. This first leg handles how well data is captured and how viably workers use the data to change over it to an upper hand over the business. Second, business processes are assessed by examining how well items are processes. Operational management is examined to track any delays, gaps, wastes or bottlenecks. Third, customer perspectives are gathered to gage consumer loyalty with quality, cost and accessibility of items or administrations. Clients give input in regards to if their requirements are being met with current items (Heginbotham et al. 2015). Finally, the financial related information, for example, deals, consumptions and wage are utilized to comprehend budgetary execution. These financial measurements may incorporate dollar sums, spending fluctuations, budgetary proportions or wage targets. These four legs incorporate the vision and technique of an association and require dynamic administration to investigate the information gathered. In this manner, the balanced scorecard is frequently alluded to as an administration apparatus, not an estimation device (Keyes 2016). Mendelows Matrix: One of the methods used in performing the stakeholder mapping is the Mendelows Matrix. Unless suitable knowledge is available about the stakeholders, corporate strategies cannot be formulated. It is possible to determine the key stakeholders of any organisation by the procedure of stakeholder mapping (Mohan and Anil Rao Paila 2013). The company of interest is the Hikma Pharmaceuticals. The company is listed in the London Stock Exchange. Being a pharmaceutical company, the key aim of the company is to provide their patients with the best quality of treatments possible. Stakeholders of any company are many in number. In case of this pharmaceutical company, the customers, that is the patients are the main stakeholders. Ot6her stakeholders include the suppliers of the medical products and equipment, the employees of the company who work for Hikma, as well as the wider community (Elsaid, Salem and Abdul-kader 2015). The existing policies of the company include the strategy to deliver the best possible quality as well as affordable generic medicines. The possibility of providing branded generic medicines to the patients is also not left out. The priorities of the company include the following facts: Strengthening their position by establishing themselves as a leading US non-injectable generic company. Expansion of the company in the existing generic markets Maintaining their position among the top three generic injectable companies in the US Maintaining their rank as the leading regional player in MENA as well expanding in new and emerging markets. Organisational objectives: The major objective of the company is to prepare in such a way for the future that they can allow the growth of their business and lead to the strengthening of their ties as well operate keeping in mind the shareholders best interests. This is done to create shareholder value off the company. If a companys shareholder value is not created, the shareholders are bound to look for better options, thus damaging the overall value of the company. The other organisational objectives of the company include: Maintenance of sustainable development Driving the sustainable development Meeting all the requirements of healthcare Promotion of good business ethics Supporting the communities of the company Minimising negative impacts on the environment Enabling and encouraging the development of the people Minutely following the key strategic goals Thus it can be said that there is a direct link between the organisational objectives and the priority structure of the Hikma Pharmaceutical Company. This is because the priority structure is built according to the organisational objectives of the company, keeping the most important goals and objectives in mind. Persons involved in the value creation process Value creation is the most important aim of any organisation, specifically in terms of business. Creation of value for the main people that is the customers, assists in the selling of products and services, along with creating the value for the shareholders in general. This creation of value ensures that shareholders invest in the company and there always remains adequate capital for the funding of the company to assist in its operations (Grnroos and Voima 2013). In other words it can be said that the performance or the actions which help in increasing the overall worth of the company goods, services or even in case of a business. The employees are the most important people involved in the value creation of a company (Acharya et al. 2012). Recipient of the value created by the organisation Recipients of the value created by any organisation are primarily the customers. In case of the Hikma pharmaceutical company, the main people are the customers. Unless good quality of service is meted out to the customers of the company, their branding and trust will suffer (Achtenhagen, Melin and Naldi 2013). Also it can be said that the generic medicines and the injections if not provided accurately to the customers will lead to issues of low trust as well as will lead to their negative feedback about the company. Negative feedback about the company will ultimately lead to its low value. The value creation will occur in a negative sense. Thus with the help of the Company information as well as the obtained knowledge regarding the strategies, priority structure as also the organisational objectives it can be clearly understood that the Company needs to understand the amalgamation of the level of power and the level of interest of the stakeholders and act accordingly all the time maintaining a perfect balance so as to not harm the goals or the value creation of the company. Minimal effort needs to be given to the company stakeholders who have the lowest amount of shares as well as the least interest as their feedback or their opinions carry the least value. Much importance should not be provided to such individuals. In case of those stakeholders who have low power but high interest, the company needs to keep them informed. This is because if not informed the word of mouth publicity may be lost and these individuals might negatively influence the others who wish to become future stakeholders of the company (Ferretti 2016). In case of shareholders having high power but low interest, it is the companys duty to keep them satisfied at all times otherwise the value and the stakes will be negatively impacted. It might be argued that this category does not have much interest, but the factor of key importance is their power. Finally those stakeholders who have high power as well as high performance are the major players of the companys shares and stakes. The fate of the company is entirely dependent on their happiness and ultimately their decisions. Financial analysis Looking at the financial statement of the company, it is found that the company out of the total capital, $ 1,337 million were raised through equity, $115 million were raised through short-term borrowings that are bank loans and overdrafts and $ 590 million were raised through long-term debt. Therefore, the company raised only 35% of its capital through external sources that is short-term and long-term borrowing and raised 65% approximately through internal sources that is through equity. Ratio Formula 2016 2015 Efficiency ratio Inventory turnover ratio COGS / Average inventory 2.37 2.72 Account receivable ratio Net credit sales / Average accounts receivables 3.53 3.45 Current ratio Current assets / Current liabilities 2.30 1.58 Gearing ratio Debt / Shareholders Equity 0.53 0.35 It can be identified from the above figures that inventory turnover ratio of the company was better for 2015 as compared to 2016 and it fell to 2.37 in 2016 from 2.72 in 2015. However, the companys inventory turnover ratio is quite impressive as it is able to sell the 100% of its inventory during one year. In other words, the company will need less than one year to sell its total inventory. Looking at the account receivable ratio of the company it is identified that the company is able to collect its dues for 3.53 times during 2016 as compared to 3.45 times in 2015. Therefore, it can be said that the receivable position of the company is improving. Further, the company has very high current ratio, which is 2.30 in 2016 as compared to 1.58 for 2015. It indicates that though the company is in a good position to pay-off its short-term obligations, the higher ratio may indicate that the company is not utilising its current asset properly. Finally looking at the gearing ratio, it is identified that the companys financing through borrowing was only 35% for 2015. However, its long term borrowing went up to $ 721 million in 2016 from $ 590 million in 2015. It indicates that the company raised further amount through new borrowings during 2016. Debt finance as an option of finance Debt finance takes place when the company raise capital through borrowing from external sources like from bank, financial institution. It can also raise the capital through selling the bills, bonds or notes to institutional investors or individuals. An ideal ratio for debt finance is that the company can raise through debt to maximum 60%. Looking into the current scenario it is identified that the debt ratio f the company jumped from 35% to 53% which is quite a big amount. Therefore, it is suggested not to borrow through debt anymore immediately. However, as the amount of borrowing further needed is not mentioned, the company can consider further borrowing through debt only if the amount is small; otherwise too much debt will have adverse impact on the capital structure of the company. References: Acharya, V.V., Gottschalg, O.F., Hahn, M. and Kehoe, C., 2012. Corporate governance and value creation: Evidence from private equity.The Review of Financial Studies,26(2), pp.368-402. Achtenhagen, L., Melin, L. and Naldi, L., 2013. Dynamics of business modelsstrategizing, critical capabilities and activities for sustained value creation.Long range planning,46(6), pp.427-442. Boscia, M.W. and McAfee, R.B., 2014. Using the balance scorecard approach: A group exercise.Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning,35. Elsaid, A.H., Salem, R.K. and Abdul-kader, H.M., 2015, December. Automatic framework for requirement analysis phase. InComputer Engineering Systems (ICCES), 2015 Tenth International Conference on(pp. 197-203). IEEE. Ferretti, V., 2016. From stakeholders analysis to cognitive mapping and Multi-Attribute Value Theory: An integrated approach for policy support.European Journal of Operational Research,253(2), pp.524-541. Frst, C., Opdam, P., Inostroza, L. and Luque, S., 2014. A balance score card tool for assessing how successful the ecosystem services concept is applied in participatory land use planning.Landsc. Ecol,29(8), pp.1435-1446. Grnroos, C. and Voima, P., 2013. Critical service logic: making sense of value creation and co-creation.Journal of the academy of marketing science,41(2), pp.133-150. Heginbotham, E., Nixon, M., Morgan, F.E., Hagen, J., Heim, J.L., Engstrom, J., Li, S., DeLuca, P., Libicki, M.C., Shlapak, D.A. and Frelinger, D.R., 2015.The US-China military scorecard: Forces, geography, and the evolving balance of power, 19962017. Rand Corporation. Hikma.com. 2017. Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC. [online] Available at: https://www.hikma.com/en/index.html [Accessed 18 Aug. 2017]. Keyes, J., 2016.Implementing the IT balanced scorecard: Aligning IT with corporate strategy. CRC Press. Mohan, V. R., and Anil Rao Paila. "Stakeholder Management in Infrastructure/Construction Projects: The Role Of Stakeholder Mapping And Social Network Analysis (SNA)."Aweshkar Research Journal15, no. 1 (2013). Perkins, M., Grey, A. and Remmers, H., 2014. What do we really mean by Balanced Scorecard?.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,63(2), pp.148-169. Sainaghi, R., Phillips, P. and Corti, V., 2013. Measuring hotel performance: Using a balanced scorecard perspectives approach.International Journal of Hospitality Management,34, pp.150-159.